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United States Court of Appeals case
Eltra Corp. v. Ringer, 579 F.2d 294 (4th Cir. 1978), was a case in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit that determined that typefaces were not eligible for protection under U.S. copyright law. The United States Copyright Office had refused to register a typeface design owned by Eltra Corporation, who filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. The district court held that the design submitted did not qualify as a "work of art" under Regulation 202.10(c) of the 1909 Copyright Act. The appellate court affirmed this decision.
- text of the Fourth Circuit opinion
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Precedents
and rulings | | Supreme Court |
- Wheaton v. Peters (1834)
- Baker v. Selden (1879)
- Trade-Mark Cases (1879)
- Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony (1884)
- Banks v. Manchester (1888)
- Callaghan v. Myers (1888)
- Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus (1908)
- White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co. (1908)
- Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States (1975)
- Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. (1984)
- Feist v. Rural (1991)
- Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc. (1994)
- Quality King v. L'anza (1998)
- Eldred v. Ashcroft (2003)
- MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. (2005)
- Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Omega, S. A. (2010)
- Golan v. Holder (2012)
- Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2013)
- American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc. (2014)
- Star Athletica v. Varsity Brands (2017)
- Fourth Estate v. Wall-Street.com (2019)
- Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc. (2020)
- Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. (2021)
- Andy Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith (2023)
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| Appeals courts |
- Berlin v. E.C. Publications, Inc. (2d Cir. 1964)
- Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co. (9th Cir. 1970)
- Eltra Corp. v. Ringer (4th Cir. 1978)
- Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates (9th Cir. 1978)
- Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc. (7th Cir. 1983)
- Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp. (3d Cir. 1983)
- Fisher v. Dees (9th Cir. 1986)
- Whelan v. Jaslow (3d Cir. 1986)
- Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd. (5th Cir. 1988)
- Rogers v. Koons (2nd Cir. 1992)
- Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc. (2d Cir. 1992)
- American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc. (2nd Cir. 1995)
- Dr. Seuss Enters., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc.(9th Cir. 1997)
- Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc. (2d Cir. 1998)
- Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp. (9th Cir. 2000)
- Nunez v. Caribbean Int'l News Corp. (1st Cir. 2000)
- A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc. (9th Cir. 2001)
- Veeck v. Southern Building Code Congress Int'l (5th Cir. 2002)
- Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp. (9th Cir. 2002 / 2003)
- In re Aimster Copyright Litigation (7th Cir. 2003)
- NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Institute (2d Cir. 2004)
- BMG Music v. Gonzalez (7th Cir. 2005)
- Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd. (2nd Cir. 2006)
- Blanch v. Koons (2nd Cir. 2006)
- Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc. (9th Cir. 2006)
- Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc. (2nd Cir. 2008)
- Ahanchian v. Xenon Pictures, Inc. (9th Cir. 2010)
- Penguin Group (USA) Inc. v. American Buddha (2d Cir. 2011)
- Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc. (9th Cir. 2012)
- Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc. (2d Cir. 2012)
- Seltzer v. Green Day, Inc (9th Cir. 2013)
- Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc. (2d Cir. 2015)
- Lenz v. Universal Music Corp. (9th Cir. 2015)
- Naruto v. Slater (9th Cir. 2018)
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